USA Africa Dialogue Series - Boko Haram/Fulani Herder Terrorisms and The Conspiratorial Delusions of Nigerian's Northern Elite

Northern Nigeria lies in the Sahel belt of West Africa and is inhabited by a large number of tribal/ethnic groups, the biggest being the Fulani, Hausa, Kanuri, Yoruba and Tiv who have demographic linkages far beyond the region.

It became a British protectorate in the Year 1900 and had since remained virtually peaceful until the early 1990s when signs of rapid deterioration of the social and economic life of the people in the region began to manifest. We could now all see the squalor around us – the growing number of young people out of school and without skills; the increasing number of the poor and hungry people around us, the increasing number of the unemployable and the unemployed among the youths and even grown-ups and other negative indicators too many to be mentioned here; all of it very scary stuff. It is, therefore, no wonder that there is presently heightened insecurity, not only in Northern Nigeria, but the whole country.

Today, the level of armed robbery in the South-West of the country is such that most banks do not observe regular hours of doing business; it is piracy and lawlessness on continual and massive scale by delinquent militants in the South-South; it is kidnapping for ransom at an alarming degree in the South-East of the country; and of course there is the series of atrocities by the so-called Boko Haram in Northern Nigeria. It is lawlessness all over the place.
The initial assumption was that Boko Haram was religiously motivated. Nobody now associates the group with any religion; their targets have largely been within the Muslim communities. What, therefore, are the motivating factors of the so-called Boko Haram? We must answer this question properly to enable us determine what type of war we are fighting. The Boko Haram itself has not helped matters since it has never come out by its actions to define what type of war it is fighting; it has bombed facilities of the United Nations and those of all and sundry; it has destroyed churches and mosques and targeted and killed a large number of Muslims and Christians irrespective of the ethnicity of their victims.

It is therefore most unfortunate that in spite of professional advice to the Presidency, including two memos submitted by my humble self, it does not seem to know what it is facing and the type of war it should be fighting; is it a war against terrorists, insurgents or, as people are coming to believe, a nurtured war against the people in Northern Nigeria? In short, is the massive killing of people and destruction of property and the environment state-sponsored?

Let’s face it! Neither the federal government nor the Nigerian military has ever linked those few persons paraded as Boko Haram suspects with any of their strategic commanders or sponsors! The locations of Boko Haram camps such as those at Sambisa Game Reserve, which are said to be well established and stocked, are known by all traditional defence and security units in the North-East. But we hear about them from the authorities only on selective basis!

We now notice a new trend: the random destruction of life and property in the style of Boko Haram in the North-East and the illegal carting away of herdsmen’s cattle now take place in all the states of Northern Nigeria and is being adjudged by the public as deliberately aimed at bringing conflict amongst the ethnic groups and between Muslims and Christians of the region. 

The arms, ammunition and explosives being used by so-called Boko Haram are not manufactured in Nigeria. Somebody must have brought them from abroad to the scenes of attacks. With military checkpoints mounted everywhere in far greater numbers than we had during our civil war, and with only the president, the vice president and their key staff and governors of the states on one hand, and the Nigerian military on the other, who pass these points unchecked, we could safely assume that it is one of the two groups that conveys these weapons upcountry from the port(s) after customs and security clearance. The security situation we are therefore facing in Northern Nigeria today could be sponsored, financed and supported by evil-minded and over-ambitious leaders of government and the society for political gains. There is simply no person(s) in the North-Eastern zone rich enough to foot the financial and logistics bills on Boko Haram activities. Somebody outside the zone must have bought these arms, ammunitions and explosives somewhere, which are easily traceable, paid the freight charges to Nigeria, cleared them at the ports, conveyed them upcountry through numerous checkpoints and put them in safe-houses in the states ready to be used by the appointed killers. Also, somebody must have deliberately substantially increased illegal drug traffic in the North. Today a youth in the village might not see drug against his headache, but there would be all sorts of illicit and dangerous drugs available for him to purchase! Who are the barons behind all this?    

But most importantly, who are the strategic commanders of these illicit and murderous operations against innocent citizenry, including women and children? It is now clear to all and sundry that there is an unhindered coordination between the activities of Boko Haram cells and some strategic commanders sitting in some high offices in our national defence system. How else could there be such timely actions regarding the immediate withdrawal of the military near vital positions such as schools and colleges with the immediate arrival of Boko Haram squad of murderers? Not only are these withdrawals of the military and the attacks of Boko Haram timely, it is noticed that such attacks would last for hours without counter response by the military, even if they are located at a hearing distance. We have had cases where a fleet of Air Force aircraft was being burnt by Boko Haram insurgents near a unit of the military; yet the military did not respond.  We have had a case when a retired General and a civil war hero was being shot to death, allegedly by Boko Haram attackers, in front of soldiers detailed to protect the area; yet there was no response from them. There are numerous other revelations which time would not allow me to narrate. I should however add that virtually all the regular military units in the area are poorly equipped; they have arms without ammunitions and are poorly fed and quartered, in spite of the trillions of naira said to be spent on them by the government. In contrast, members of the Abuja-nurtured Task Force being deployed in the areas are better equipped and cared for, perhaps to guarantee that they cause enough havoc on the communities whose domains they are deployed to.

Clearly, these strategic commanders are waging a war of terror (‘making’ a statement to influence an outcome) as well as adopting insurgency tactics of using terror to achieve a political end against Northern Nigeria. Boko Haram is therefore being viewed as a tool by some evil-minded conspirators to neutralise key traditional and political leaders of Northern Nigeria and to precipitate the disintegration of Nigeria.

The people in the North have also begun to suspect that the objective of all this is to create enough mayhem for an excuse to deny them their democratic right of vote by cancelling the forthcoming general elections in the region, and also reduce the voting power of the people there, now and in the future.   

Nyako, governor of Adamawa State, made these remarks at last week’s Washington symposium on Current Economic, Social and Security Challenges in Northern Nigeria held under the auspices of the United States Institute of Peace in collaboration with the governments of Norway and Denmark.

• agwamba•an hour ago

  These conspiracy theories are not helpful in any way. They are mere attempts at explaining away the problems created by decades of deadly politics in the North. I have been a keen observer of events in this country at least since 1978 and I can tell you the seeds that have germinated into this problem. For me the problem started in 1978 at the Constituent Assembly with the walkout staged by some people from the North over the sharia problem. This was the beginning of the marriage between religion and politics in the North. Having raised the hopes of religious zealots, without fully meeting their expectations, every sundry preacher found in the sharia a veritable opportunity for relevance. Then the problems started. Remember the Maitatsine riots between 1980 and 1982 that claimed over 4000 lives. Then came El-Zakzaky and his group with their insistence on an Iranian-style Islamic revolution in the country. At the same time Abubakar Gumi was espounding his own brand of Islam which forbids a Christian from being the Head of State of Nigeria. In the midst of this, IBB's government enlisted Nigeria into the full membership of the OIC - a move that raised the political cum religious temperature in the country. Then in 2000 or 2001, Ahmed Yerima and the other governors in the North introduced what OBJ called the political sharia. The result was rioting, mass murder of christians and burning of churches. And now the Boko Haram problem. Some people have argued that the former Governor of Borno State, Ali Modu Sheriff, used Boko Haram to win elections after promising them an Islamic state that he could not deliver. This infuriated the boys who went after him. It was alleged that he conspired with the security forces to eliminate the group's former leader so that the details of the agreement will not come to light. I remember that when the problem started, prominent leaders and intellectuals in the North were sympathetic urging the government to negotiate with the group. The Borno State Elders at one point asked the JTF to leave Borno State. As the group's activities assumed frightening dimensions those that helped to create the monster are now looking for excuses. While I agree that the country's security apparatus has done a poor job of handling the Boko Haram crisis, the solution to the problem lies in reversing the social and religious structures in the North that breed religious fanaticism. The current structure may serve the political elite in their quest for power, but as we can see, they do lasting damage to social cohesion in the long run.

  
  
• Ahmzma•6 hours ago

  Your Excellency, your remarks are mere delusions. If anybody from the North-East can be held culpable for the youth unemployment and poor education, you Nyako will number the first. Your tenure as governor has not impacted in any way on youths. Your remarks are made to divert attention from your incompetence and paucity of governance. Youths are idle and education poor, as governor, what have you done to
  at least improve the situation in Adamawa all these 7 years that you
  have been in the saddle. It is the misrule of your ilks that is
  responsible for the problem. As military governor of Niger state, you
  left it worse than when you took over.

  You are now busy igniting hatred and chaos. Coming from a sitting governor and a former CNS, I am ashamed that your ilk could rise to such heights in Nigeria. Let me assure you, when the country embroils in the war drums you are beating, there will be no hiding place for your ilks. Helicopters are being said to be supplying the insurgents and your fulani cattle bandits. You are government, therefore culpable. Your type gave birth to Boko Haram. Now that they have become a Frankeinsten monster, you blame others.